Public Speaking

1. Introduction to Public Speaking

• 1.1 Benefits, History, and Theories of Communication
  • 1.1.1 Why Public Speaking is Important to You
  • 1.1.2 Student Voices: "Let me tell you..."
  • 1.1.3 The Legacy of Public Speaking
  • 1.1.4 Categories of Communication
  • 1.1.5 Models of Communication

• 1.2 The Public Speaking Situation
  • 1.2.1 Elements of Public Speaking
  • 1.2.2 Critical Thinking
  • 1.2.3 Notable Speeches for Analysis: Lyndon B. Johnson

• 1.3 Ethics
  • 1.3.1 Ethical Principles
  • 1.3.2 Ethical Practices of Speakers and Listeners
  • 1.3.3 Freedom of Speech
  • 1.3.4 Hate Speech and Political Correctness

• 1.4 Speaker Anxiety
  • 1.4.1 Pervasiveness and Symptoms of Speaker Anxiety
  • 1.4.2 Psychological Management of Speaker Anxiety
  • 1.4.3 Student Voices: "I got used to it..."
  • 1.4.4 Physical Management of Speaker Anxiety

2. The Audience

• 2.1 Listening
  • 2.1.1 The Nature of Listening
  • 2.1.2 Effective Listening in Practice
  • 2.1.3 Ways for Speakers to Assist Listeners
  • 2.1.4 Becoming a More Effective Listener

• 2.2 Evaluation
  • 2.2.1 Evaluation of Speeches as a Responsible Listener
  • 2.2.2 Student Voices: Samples of Effective and Ineffective Feedback

• 2.3 Diversity: Speaking Inclusively
  • 2.3.1 The Meaning of Inclusion
  • 2.3.2 The Consequences of Exclusion
  • 2.3.3 The Opportunities of Diversity
  • 2.3.4 Notable Speeches for Analysis: Jesse Jackson

• 2.4 Audience Analysis
  • 2.4.1 The Importance of Audience Analysis
  • 2.4.2 Knowing Your Audience
  • 2.4.3 Notable Speeches for Analysis: Robert F. Kennedy
  • 2.4.4 Analyzing the Situation
  • 2.4.5 Adapting to Your Audience
  • 2.4.6 Notable Speeches for Analysis: Barbara Bush

3. First Steps

• 3.1 The First Speech
  • 3.1.1 Keeping the First Assignment in Perspective
  • 3.1.2 Student Speeches for Analysis: Typical First Speech Assignment
  • 3.1.3 Developing the First Speech
  • 3.1.4 Delivering the First Speech
  • 3.1.5 Following Up
  • 3.1.6 Student Voices: "I did it..."

• 3.2 Selecting Your Topic
  • 3.2.1 Assessing Possible Topics
  • 3.2.2 Generating Possible Topics
  • 3.2.3 Narrowing and Refining Your Topic
  • 3.2.4 Student Voices: "How I Chose My Topic."

• 3.3 Developing Your Topic
  • 3.3.1 Defining Your Speaking Purpose
  • 3.3.2 Constructing Your Thesis Statement
  • 3.3.3 Choosing Your Main Points

• 3.4 Researching Your Topic
  • 3.4.1 The Research Plan
  • 3.4.2 Plagiarism
  • 3.4.3 Using Personal Experience
  • 3.4.4 Notable Speeches for Analysis: Cesar Chavez
  • 3.4.5 Student Speeches for Analysis: Using Personal Experience
  • 3.4.6 Using Library Resources
  • 3.4.7 Using Your Own Sources (Interviews and Contacts)

• 3.5 Using Electronic Sources in Research
  • 3.5.1 Using and Evaluating Electronic Sources

• 3.6 Processing Your Research
  • 3.6.1 Record Your Sources
  • 3.6.2 Evaluate Your Sources

• 3.7 Supporting Materials
  • 3.7.1 The Need for Supporting Materials
  • 3.7.2 Types of Supporting Materials
  • 3.7.3 Selecting the Best Supporting Materials
  • 3.7.4 Using Supporting Materials Ethically
  • 3.7.5 Media Bias

4. Preparing the Speech

• 4.1 Organization of the Body of the Speech
  • 4.1.1 Reasons for Effective Organization
  • 4.1.2 Guidelines for Organizing Your Content
  • 4.1.3 Methods of Organizing Your Major Points
  • 4.1.4 Methods of Organizing Your Persuasive Content
  • 4.1.5 Methods of Organizing Supporting Materials

• 4.2 Introductions
  • 4.2.1 Purposes of the Introduction
  • 4.2.2 Types of Attention Getters
  • 4.2.3 Guidelines for Effective Introductions

• 4.3 Transitions
  • 4.3.1 Purposes, Types, and Uses of Transitions
  • 4.3.2 Student Speeches for Analysis: Effective Transitions

• 4.4 Conclusions
  • 4.4.1 Purposes of the Conclusion
  • 4.4.2 Closing Statements
  • 4.4.3 Guidelines for Effective Conclusions
  • 4.4.4 Notable Speeches for Analysis: John F. Kennedy

• 4.5 Outlines
  • 4.5.1 Preparing the Formal Outline
  • 4.5.2 How to Prepare Speaking Notes

• 4.6 Using Language
  • 4.6.1 Why Language is Important
  • 4.6.2 How Spoken Language Differs from Written Word
  • 4.6.3 How to Use Spoken Language Memorably
  • 4.6.4 How to Use Spoken Language Inclusively
  • 4.6.5 Notable Speeches for Analysis: Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.

5. Presenting the Speech

• 5.1 Delivering the Speech
  • 5.1.1 Understanding the Methods of Delivering a Speech
  • 5.1.2 Using Vocal Delivery Effectively
  • 5.1.3 Student Speeches for Analysis: Effective Delivery
  • 5.1.4 Using Physical Delivery Effectively
  • 5.1.5 Body Language
  • 5.1.6 Rehearsing for Effective Delivery
  • 5.1.7 Common Mistakes in Delivery

• 5.2 Using Traditional Presentation Aids
  • 5.2.1 Advantages of Using Presentation Aids
  • 5.2.2 Types of Presentation Aids
  • 5.2.3 Creating Effective Presentation Aids
  • 5.2.4 Student Speeches for Analysis: Incorporating Traditional Presentation Aids
  • 5.2.5 Guidelines for Using Presentation Aids

• 5.3 Using Electronic Visual Aids
  • 5.3.1 How to Design Computer-Generated Visual Aids
  • 5.3.2 How to Use Computer-Generated Visuals Appropriately
  • 5.3.3 Student Speeches for Analysis: Incorporating Electronic Visual Aids
  • 5.3.4 How to Prepare Videotaped Materials

6. Types of Speeches

• 6.1 Speaking to Inform
  • 6.1.1 Principles of Informative Speaking
  • 6.1.2 Patterns of Organization in Informative Speaking
  • 6.1.3 Types of Informative Speeches
  • 6.1.4 Techniques for Informing
  • 6.1.5 Student Speeches for Analysis: Speaking to Inform
  • 6.1.6 Tips for Success

• 6.2 Principles of Persuasion
  • 6.2.1 Principles of Persuasive Speaking
  • 6.2.2 Types of Persuasive Speeches
  • 6.2.3 Nature of Propositions

• 6.3 The Ethics of Persuasion
  • 6.3.1 Motivating the Listener
  • 6.3.2 Propaganda
  • 6.3.3 Persuasive Speaking in Action: Infomercials
  • 6.3.4 Notable Speeches for Analysis: Barbara Jordan
  • 6.3.5 Student Voices: Testimonials on the Challenges of Persuasion

• 6.4 Speaking to Persuade
  • 6.4.1 Constructing Arguments
  • 6.4.2 Avoiding Fallacy
  • 6.4.3 Testing Evidence
  • 6.4.4 Patterns in Persuasive Speaking
  • 6.4.5 Student Speeches for Analysis: Speaking to Persuade
  • 6.4.6 Perspectives on Persuasive Speaking: Invitational Rhetoric
  • 6.4.7 Tips for Success

• 6.5 Speeches for Special Occasions
  • 6.5.1 Speeches of Introduction
  • 6.5.2 Speeches of Honor
  • 6.5.3 Notable Speeches for Analysis: Geraldine Ferraro
  • 6.5.4 Notable Speeches for Analysis: Ronald Reagan
  • 6.5.5 Speeches to Entertain
  • 6.5.6 Speeches for Public Relations

7. Next Steps

• 7.1 Using Your Skills
  • 7.1.1 Where Do We Go From Here?

• 7.2 Walk the Talk
  • 7.2.1 Job Interview
  • 7.2.2 Raise Request
  • 7.2.3 Civic Presentation

8. Small Group Communication

• 8.1 Small Group Communication
  • 8.1.1 The Nature of Small Groups
  • 8.1.2 Formats for Group Presentation
  • 8.1.3 Groupware
  • 8.1.4 Brainstorming
  • 8.1.5 The Decision-Making Process

9. Appendices

• 9.1 Speech Bank: Student Speakers
  • 9.1.1 Typical First Speech: "Why I'm a Good Candidate"
  • 9.1.2 Effective Transitions: "The Dangers of Mold"
  • 9.1.3 Informative Speech: "Air Pollution"
  • 9.1.4 Persuasive Speech: "Sexual Assault"
  • 9.1.5 Persuasive Speech: "Euthanasia"
  • 9.1.6 Speeches for Special Occasions: "Introducing a Business Speaker"

• 9.2 Speech Bank: Notable Speakers
  • 9.2.1 Franklin D. Roosevelt
  • 9.2.2 Eleanor Roosevelt
  • 9.2.3 Harry S. Truman
  • 9.2.4 John F. Kennedy
  • 9.2.5 Lyndon B. Johnson
  • 9.2.6 Richard M. Nixon
  • 9.2.7 Sister Helen Prejean
  • 9.2.8 Deborah Lipstadt